Impermeability effects in three-dimensional vesicles

We analyse the effects that the impermeability constraint induces on the equilibrium shapes of a three-dimensional vesicle hosting a rigid inclusion. A given alteration of the inclusion and/or vesicle parameters leads to shape modifications of different orders of magnitude, when applied to permeable or impermeable vesicles. Moreover, the enclosed-volume constraint wrecks the uniqueness of stationary equilibrium shapes, and gives rise to pear-shaped or stomatocyte-like vesicles.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure

Φ-Factory design

The search for fundamental interaction laws continuously stimulates the accelerator community to increase the energy of accelerators. The present need for high-accuracy measurements in already explored energy regions requires a new generation of colliders, the e+ e− factories. These should work at the energies of hadronic resonances and produce a very high rate of events with a luminosity increased by at least two orders of magnitude with respect to the present values. Such high luminosity poses interesting new problems to both the detector and accelerator physicists

Fast Vertical Beam Instability in the CTF3 Combiner Ring

The CLIC Test Facility CTF3 is being built at CERN by an international collaboration, in order to demonstrate the main feasibility issues of the CLIC two-beam technology by 2010. The facility includes an 84 m combiner ring, which was installed and put into operation in 2007. High-current operation has shown a vertical beam break-up instability, leading to high beam losses over the four turns required for nominal operation of the CTF3 ring. Such instability is most likely due to the vertically polarized transverse mode in the RF deflectors used for beam injection and combination. In this paper we report the experimental data and compare them with simulations. Possible methods to eliminate the instability are also outlined

Experimental Studies on Drive Beam Generation in CTF3

The objective of the CLIC Test Facility CTF3, built at CERN by an international collaboration, is to demonstrate the main feasibility issues of the CLIC two-beam technology by 2010. CTF3 consists of a 150 MeV electron linac followed by a 42 m long delay loop, an 84 m combiner ring and a two-beam test area. One keyissue studied in CTF3 is the efficient generation of a very high current drive beam, used in CLIC as the power source for the acceleration of the main beam to multi-TeV energies. The beam current is first doubled in the delay loop and then multiplied again by a factor four in the combiner ring by interleaving bunches using transverse deflecting RF cavities. The combiner ring and the connecting transfer line have been installed and put into operation in 2007. In this paper we give the status of the commissioning, illustrate the beam optics measurements, discuss the main issues and present the results of the combination tests

Antibacterial Broad-Spectrum Dendritic/Gellan Gum Hybrid Hydrogels with Rapid Shape-Forming and Self-Healing for Wound Healing Application

Treating wound infections is a difficult task ever since pathogenic bacteria started to develop resistance to common antibiotics. The present study develops hybrid hydrogels based on the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex between the anionic charges of dopamine-functionalized Gellan Gum (GG-DA) and the cationic moieties of the TMP-G2-alanine dendrimer. The hydrogels thus obtained can be doubly crosslinked with CaCl2, obtaining solid hydrogels. Or, by oxidizing dopamine to GG-DA, possibly causing further interactions such as Schiff Base and Michael addition to take place, hydrogels called injectables can be obtained. The latter have shear-thinning and self-healing properties (efficiency up to 100%). Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT), and mouse monocyte cells (RAW 264.7), after incubation with hydrogels, in most cases show cell viability up to 100%. Hydrogels exhibit adhesive behavior on various substrates, including porcine skin. At the same time, the dendrimer serves to crosslink the hydrogels and endows them with excellent broad-spectrum microbial eradication activity within four hours, evaluated using Staphylococcus aureus 2569 and Escherichia coli 178. Using the same GG-DA/TMP-G2-alanine ratios hybrid hydrogels with tunable properties and potential for wound dressing applications can be produced

Random replicators with asymmetric couplings

Systems of interacting random replicators are studied using generating functional techniques. While replica analyses of such models are limited to systems with symmetric couplings, dynamical approaches as presented here allow specifically to address cases with asymmetric interactions where there is no Lyapunov function governing the dynamics. We here focus on replicator models with Gaussian couplings of general symmetry between p>=2 species, and discuss how an effective description of the dynamics can be derived in terms of a single-species process. Upon making a fixed point ansatz persistent order parameters in the ergodic stationary states can be extracted from this process, and different types of phase transitions can be identified and related to each other. We discuss the effects of asymmetry in the couplings on the order parameters and the phase behaviour for p=2 and p=3. Numerical simulations verify our theory. For the case of cubic interactions numerical experiments indicate regimes in which only a finite number of species survives, even when the thermodynamic limit is considered.Comment: revised version, removed some mathematical parts, discussion of negatively correlated couplings added, figures adde